CAS 1984;11:4760. Li M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Yu Z. Elevation of plasma corticosterone levels and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor translocation in rats: a potential mechanism for cognition impairment following chronic low-power-density microwave exposure. Reactive oxygen species levels and DNA fragmentation on astrocytes in primary culture after acute exposure to low intensity microwave electromagnetic field. Int J Occup Environ Health. Choeiri C, Staines W, Miki T, Seino S, Messier C. Glucose transporter plasticity during memory processing. Rev Environ Health. [64] exposed cultured rat hippocampal neurons to GSM 1800MHz microwaves (SAR, 2.4W/kg) and observed a selective decrease in the amplitude of -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-soxazole propionic acid (AMPA) miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). Handheld cellular telephone use and risk of brain cancer. It is noteworthy that most of the above mentioned studies were based on the theory that the effects caused by microwaves are non-thermal. With the increasing number of applications that use microwave technology, its negative effects on the human body have attracted attention. For example, it can shorten reaction times so that people can better cope with danger. Bioelectromagnetics. So foods which have high water content can be very easily cooked like fresh vegetables. Because the frequency of microwaves is sufficiently high that the energy is absorbed, the subsequent heating of tissue becomes its major mechanism, and most biochemical and physiological responses are temperature-dependent. Specifically, the Federal Communications . Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China, You can also search for this author in Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kizil G, Kizil M, Cakir DU, Yokus B. Dasdag S, Balci K, Celik M, Batun S, Kaplan A, Bolaman Z, et al. 2014;9:e95503. Bioelectromagnetics. Preece A, Iwi G, Davies-Smith A, Wesnes K, Butler S, Lim E, et al. Does MW radiation affect gene expression, apoptotic level, and cell cycle progression of human sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells? 1990;39:13543. PubMed MicroRNAs and neurodegeneration: role and impact. Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case-control study. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. Chronic nonmodulated microwave radiations in mice produce anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours and calcium- and NO-related biochemical changes in the brain. Studies have extensively explored the underlying mechanisms by which microwaves influence learning and memory functions, especially synaptic structures and functions, oxidative stress and apoptosis, protein synthesis, genes and individual susceptibility and energy metabolism. Wang L, Peng R, Hu X, Gao Y, Wang S, Zhao L, et al. Of these, five rats were repeatedly exposed to extremely low-frequency microwaves (915MHz; pulse width, 20ms; average power density, 0.3mW/cm2; repetition frequency, 4.0Hz; intermittently for 1min, On for 1min, and Off for 10min; SAR, 0.7mW/g) and 5 were in the sham group. Most matter, including the human body, is largely . Numerous mechanisms can activate oxidative stress, including electromagnetic radiation, and thereby cause molecular damage. Effect of microwave electromagnetic fields on activity of energy metabolism cytochrome oxidase in cerebral cortical neurons of postnatal rats. 2 Researchers have been working. Acta Neurol Belg. 1 Microwave radiation may also lead to skin cancer/health problems when we are within the radius of a cell phone tower in a certain specified limited distance. 1975;148:1723. Moreover, the risk of developing Alzheimers disease is 3040% lower in people who use a mobile phone for more than 10years than in other individuals [35]. The microwave energy can be changed to warm up the food because this energy is absorbed by food & it does not prepare food contaminated or radioactive. 1999;4:102. Microwave irradiation affects radial-arm maze performance in the rat. The results showed that in normal EEGs, the (3.26.0Hz) and 2 (17.830.5Hz) waves were mainly concentrated in the cortex, while the (6.017.8Hz) waves were mainly concentrated in the hypothalamus. Most studies have suggested that microwave radiation can cause EEG abnormalities in experimental animals and participants, but some negative results have also been reported in studies using low-power microwaves. It influences both learning and memory in rats [67]. Joubert V, Bourthoumieu S, Leveque P, Yardin C. Apoptosis is induced by radiofrequency fields through the caspase-independent mitochondrial pathway in cortical neurons. The results showed that 2.1GHz W-CDMA-modulated microwave radiation did not cause apoptotic cell death but altered cell cycle progression [79]. Therefore, the authors concluded that exposure to a radiofrequency of 900MHz might trigger the neoplastic process because it produces a relative increase in the number of potentially long-lived cells. Zhao L, Peng RY, Gao YB, Wang SM, Wang LF, Dong J, et al. Mitochondria morphologic changes and metabolic effects of rat hippocampus after microwave irradiation. Singh S, Mani KV, Kapoor N. Effect of occupational EMF exposure from radar at two different frequency bands on plasma melatonin and serotonin levels. Neuroscience. 2015;28:1324. daily life. Behav Brain Res. CAS Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation. One study reported by the Interphone study group [13] showed that there was no increase in the risk of glioma or meningioma in users of mobile phones. Fragopoulou et al. Bioelectromagnetics. Brain electrical activity originates from the membrane potential of the neuron itself and the fluctuation in membrane potential. Ragozzino ME, Unick KE, Gold PE. 2011;35:36978. Thus, in the early developmental stage, chronic exposure to 2.4W/kg GSM microwaves may influence dendritic development and the formation of excitatory synapses in cultures of hippocampal neurons. The conclusions are shown in Table3. Their answers to questionnaires showed that the workers suffered from symptoms including headaches, fatigue, stress and sleeplessness. Google Scholar. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2004;115:1490505. Among radar workers exposed to 1418GHz microwaves, the somatic symposium anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression were caused [19]. [37] exposed male Wistar rats (1012weeks old) to a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) (900/1800MHz) mobile phone that was in vibrating mode (i.e., no ring tone). Microwave Health Effects Radial arm maze performance of rats following repeated low level microwave radiation exposure. Thus, these results suggest that the 2.4W/kg GSM 1800MHz microwaves may reduce excitatory synaptic activity and the number of excitatory synapses in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. In particular, somatization, obsessive compulsivity, paranoid ideation and psychoticism were reported [17]. Verma et al. 2012;3:3440. It has been shown that neurons are sensitive to reductions in the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in mitochondria, which have been reported to be vulnerable to microwave radiation [118]. Cobb BL, Jauchem JR, Adair ER. Military Med Res 4, 29 (2017). Bioelectromagnetics. Google Scholar. Wang L, Li X, Peng R, Gao Y, Zhao L, Wang S, et al. Am J Epidemiol. JAMA. Acetylcholine modulation of neural systems involved in learning and memory. 2004;155:3743. millimeter, or equivalently. 1 Microwave Theory and Techniqes | PDF | Microwave - Scribd [40] concluded that despite the differences in the conditions used in the experiments, space limitations and whether the wall of the maze was clear did not substantially influence outcomes. Starting with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site, Wang et al. Thus, the committee suggested that in the future, studies should explore the border between thermal and non-thermal effects and that specific effects, such as triggering the onset of thermoregulatory reactions, should be defined. At present, due to a general consensus that the most significant parameter for . Modulation of HSP response in SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to microwaves of a mobile phone. [102] exposed rats to 9.15MHz microwaves (SAR: 0.4mW/g) for 2h. They found that in the cerebellum of all the exposed animals, 11 genes were up-regulated from 1.34- to 2.74-fold, and one gene was down-regulated 0.48-fold. Zhang et al. Calabr E, Condello S, Curr M, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Magaz S, et al. Synaptic vesicles form in different parts of neurons and contain high concentrations of substances that are transferred from the neuron. The acute effects of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human attention. Terms and Conditions, BOOTP and DHCP.ppt anik301. [21, 22] found a higher incidence of brain cancer in radar technicians and a shortened incubation period (i.e., less than 10years). The article's subject is the investigation of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the microwave frequency band in a typical human living environment, especially in shielded areas. Im HI, Kenny PJ. Int J Radiat Biol. 2007;28:187380. 2014;12:75. -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-soxazole propionic acid, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, Cross-modal visual-tactile object recognition, Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications/telephone, International agency for research on cancer, Miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, Scientific committee on emerging and newly identified health risks. Surg Neurol. Resting state cortical EEG rhythms in Alzheimer's disease: toward EEG markers for clinical applications: a review. 2015;91:55561. A resting eyes-closed electroencephalogram was used to continuously record the results, which showed that there was an increase in the power of the , 1 and 2 frequency bands in the 0.303W/kg group and in the 2 frequency bands in the 0.003W/kg group. 2000;284:30017. Eastern J Med. [27] found that college students visual reaction times were significantly shorter after 10min of phone-induced microwave radiation. PubMed 1999;9:3438. Abnormality of synaptic vesicular associated proteins in cerebral cortex and hippocampus after microwave exposure. static fields, health effects, human health, environmental effects, SCENIHR, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks Opinion to be cited as: It has been suggested that there is an increased risk of glioma at the highest exposure levels, but biases and errors prevent causal interpretations of these data. Wang Q, Cao Z. Lymphatic Systems: Due to chemical alterations within food substances, malfunctions occur in the lymphatic system, causing a degeneration of the body's ability to . Many recent studies have reported that microwaves exposure affects EEG results [54,55,56,57]. Additionally, the number of crossings was significantly lower at 3 d after microwave radiation. Chandrasekaran K, Hatanp K, Rapoport SI, Brady DR. Mobile phone use facilitates memory in male, but not female, subjects. Investigation of Microwave Electromagnetic Fields in Open and Shielded [63] exposed rat hippocampal neurons to microwaves (SAR values of 0.8W/kg and 2.4W/kg at an average power density of 1800MHz/d) and observed the formation of dendritic filopodial and dendritic branches and the maturation of dendritic spines in neurons from day 6 to 14. However, the problem with these studies is that different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, and power density of the radiation and the irradiation time, were used to evaluate microwave radiation between studies. Wang et al. The SAR of the two groups were 0.303W/kg and 0.003W/kg. [84] and Sharma et al. 2016;397:2239. However, its beneficial effects should not be ignored [26]. Then that poisonous acid harms the kidneys and nervous system. Sci STKE. Neurosci Lett. 2013;23:306. How a Microwave effects the human body? by jesse aarons - Prezi [58] exposed volunteers to microwaves at a frequency of 450MHz for 10 repeated intervals of 1min of irradiation and 1min off. Mobile Effects on Human Body - slideshare.net The relationship between NMDA receptors and microwave induced learning and memory impairment: a long term observation on Wistar rats. NR2B plays a key role in LTP and was decreased from the 3rd to the 18th month post-treatment, and long-term exposure to high doses of radiation may therefore damage cognitive functions. Low intensity microwave radiation induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and DNA damage in rat brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. The authors predicted the differential expression of genes associated with transcription, translation and receptor functions (in addition to brain-related and signaling pathway-related) using the iRDB, miRbase and miRanda databases. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61571455). Brain Res Rev. Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings - SlideShare 2017;326:291. Schz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. Risks for central nervous system diseases among mobile phone subscribers: a Danish retrospective cohort study. To investigate the effects of 2.4GHz Wi-Fi radiation on multisensory integration in rats, a cross-modal visual-tactile object recognition (CMOR) task was performed by four variations of the spontaneous object recognition (SOR) test including the standard SOR, tactile SOR, visual SOR, and CMOR tests. Xu S, Ning W, Xu Z, Zhou S, Chiang H, Luo J. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript. 2010;39:67594. Lnn S, Ahlbom A, Hall P, Feychting M. Long-term mobile phone use and brain tumor risk. CAS Do Microwaves Affect Your Health? The Impact of Microwave Radiation - WebMD Mortazavi S, Tavakkoli-Golpayegani A, Haghani M, Mortazavi S. Looking at the other side of the coin: the search for possible biopositive cognitive effects of the exposure to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiofrequency radiation. The progeny brain oxidative balance and serum biochemistry, such as phosphorus, magnesium, glucose, triglycerides and calcium levels, were disrupted [60]. One of the bad impacts a microwave has on humans, is that some of the acids in the food people put in the microwave, gets transformed into a type of acid which turns poisonous. 1994;15:95104. Neuroreport. Resulting Effects on the Human Body. J Natl Cancer Inst. Hassanshahi A, Shafeie SA, Fatemi I, Hassanshahi E, Allahtavakoli M, Shabani M, et al. Google Scholar. Bioelectromagnetics. 2008;29:52738. [62] irradiated Wistar rats, hippocampal synaptosomes and differentiated PC12 cells using microwaves (average power density, 30mW/cm2) for 5min, and the results showed that the post-exposure spatial memory of the rats was significantly decreased, the post-exposure levels of phosphorylated synapsin I (p-synapsin I) and GABA were decreased in the rat and cell experiments, and the post-exposure levels of vesicular GABA transporter and p-synapsin I were increased in small clear synaptic vesicles (which were abnormally assembled in presynaptic terminals) in the rat experiments. 2001;93:2037. Jeong J. EEG dynamics in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Epidemiol. Baer C, Claus R, Plass C. Genome-wide epigenetic regulation of miRNAs in cancer. However, there is little scientific evidence to demonstrate that children are more sensitive to electromagnetic radiation than adults [24, 25]. Behav Brain Res. Mortazavi et al. Military Medical Research The biological effects of microwave and RF are difficult to quantify, but one method, which in-volves the determination of the relation-ship between the body mass-averaged Regional cerebral glucose uptake in the 3xTG model of Alzheimer's disease highlights common regional vulnerability across AD mouse models. 2004;23:20114. . The above results indicate a positive biological effect of microwave radiation and present a challenge with regard to how people can benefit from microwave radiation. Belyaev IY, Koch CB, Terenius O, Roxstrm-Lindquist K, Malmgren LO, Sommer HW, et al. Repeated Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including EEG changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload. Researchers have also used the 12-arm maze test on rats to test spatial working ability after exposure to 2.45GHz pulse microwave radiation. 2014;8:63. J Neurosci Methods. The final apoptosis score in the exposed group was significantly reduced, and the total antioxidant capacity and catalysis observed in the experimental group was increased. Exposure to microwaves and silencing p-synapsin I reduced the release of GABA, and maximum reduction was achieved when both were combined, indicating a synergistic effect. The biological effects of RF energy are proportional to the rate of ener-gy absorption, and the level of absorption varies little with fre-quency. Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose. J Neurosci. Decreased synthesis of acetylcholine accompanying impaired oxidation of pyruvic acid in rat brain minces. Acta Pharmacol Sin. Neuroreport. Neuroreport. Long term and excessive use of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation alter microRNA expression in brain. Zhang Y, Li Z, Gao Y. Electromagnetic radiation can be absorbed by organisms, in which it causes a series of physiological and functional changes. In a report by the Poland Department of Microwave Safety, occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields was analyzed in the work environment of personnel of 204 devices divided into 5 groups (surface-to-air missile system radars, aircraft and helicopters, communication devices, surveillance and height finder radars, airport radars and radio navigation systems). Clinics. Gene. Human short-term exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones decreases computer-assisted visual reaction time. In the rat hippocampus, glucose uptake plays an important role in spatial learning and memory processes. The study also showed that exposure to GSM microwaves at 915MHz did not induce detectable DNA double-strand breaks but affected the expression of genes in rat brain cells. Mack A, Georg T, Kreis P, Eickholt BJ. Gold PE. These conclusions are presented in Table2. Campisi A, Gulino M, Acquaviva R, Bellia P, Raciti G, Grasso R, et al. broad definition in terms of frequencies between. In the treated rats, 50 calls were missed each day for 4weeks, and the spatial memory abilities of the rats were tested after the experimental period. 2009;64:2314. PubMed Additionally, people exposed to military microwave sources were more vulnerable to brain tumors. The results demonstrated the ability of electric magnetic field (EMF) to influence plasma melatonin and serotonin concentrations in radar workers. Koch C, Zador A. PubMed Phot J. Wang H, Peng R, Zhou H, Wang S, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. Brain Res. 1984;5:6370. Per the FDA, the microwave can heat human skin. This study also revealed the dose-dependent relationship of the modulated microwave effect: decreasing the SAR 100-fold reduced the associated changes in the EEG by three- to six-fold and decreased the number of affected subjects but did not completely eliminate the effects. Nakatani-Enomoto S, Furubayashi T, Ushiyama A, Groiss SJ, Ueshima K, Sokejima S, et al.